Camera Obscura
The camera obscura, also known as the dark chamber, was the first camera ever created. It was a big room or box with no windows. A tiny hole that is fitted with a lens projects the images from the outside of the box to the far wall inside. Since the images usually came out unclear and upside down, the artists would trace the image that they could develop into a painting, and a portable version was created in the 1660s.
Daguerro Type
The Daguerro type (named after Louis Jaques Mande Daguerre) was one of the first forms of photography. After the photo was taken, it was permanently fixed onto a silver plate. Then, a chemical mixture of iodine and mercury vapour is placed on the silver, creating a chemical reaction, which is then 'fixed' with a salt solution. The images were always clear, however this method could only create one permanent image instead of multiple.
Calotype/Talbotype
The calotype/Talbotype (named after William Henry Fox Talbot) was a new photography process created in 1835 that created a negative image on paper that was treated with silver. Then, that exposed paper was placed over a second paper and was exposed to bright light again creating the positive image. This process was able to create multiple images, but the more you transferred an image, the less clear it would become.
Collodion Wetplate
The collodion wetplate process was created in 1851 by Frederick Scott Archer. This process was the best of both the Deguerrotype and Talbotype techniques because the images were always clear and could be produced multiple times. First, a clean glass plate is evenly coated with collodion, and it was then dipped into a a solution of silver nitrate. After that, the plate is placed in the camera and exposed. After it is immediately developed and allowed to dry. The only issue about this process was that if the plate dried before the process was finished, its emulsion would harden which would ruin the photograph.
Dorthea Lange
Dorthea Lange (1895-1965) was a photographer who took photos of displaced farmers of during The Great Depression. During The Great Depression, Dorthea took photos of the unemployed men and women who wandered the streets, and the photos usually included captions created from the people in the photos. By 1934, Dorthea Lange had become a well established photographer, known for skilled documentary photography, and received the Guggenheim fellowship in 1940.
Lewis Hine
Because of Lewis Hine, Child Labour is no longer a worldwide issue thanks to his photography. He began taking his photos in 1904, where he took photos of the immigrants working a living on Ellis island. People began to notice his photos, and he was hired in 1911 by the National Child Labour Commitee to take photos photos of the conditions of the children involved in child labour. Because of these photo he assisted in stopping child labour. Hine also worked as a photographer during world war 1, and took photos during the construction of the empire state building.
Matthew Brady
Matthew Brady was a well known photographer in the 19th century for his famous political portraits, and his photos of The American Civil War. In 1845, Matthew decided to take as many pictures of famous people as possible. These people included Daniel Webster, Edgar Allen Poe, and James Fenimore Cooper. When the Civil War Began, Matthew created a complete record of the war. He was also the first photographer to take photos of dead/dying people.
Eadward Muybridge
Eadward Muybridge is known for his photography of moving animals that was used by artists and scientists. It all started when he had to settle a bet questioning if there is a way for all four of a horses hooves to be off the ground when in ran. Stanford believed that it could, but it was too hard for a human eye to detect. After lots of funding, Eadward had created a complex method to take the photo using lots a of cameras that took a series of photos at a time, and by 1879, he had proven that the question was correct.